Abstract: There is increasing evidence indicating that the climate response to variations in the El Niño?Southern Oscillation (ENSO) includes not only thermally forced zonal wind anomalies in the subtropics but also eddy-driven zonal ...

Abstract: Two questions are addressed in this paper: whether ENSO can be adequately characterized by simple, seasonally invariant indices and whether the time series of a single component?SST or OLR?provides a sufficiently complete ...

Abstract: model predictions of ENSO conditions during the 2002?11 period are evaluated and compared to skill levels documented in studies of the 1990s. ENSO conditions are represented by the Niño- 3.4 SST index in the east-central ...

Abstract: revious work has shown that the combined influence of El Niño?Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Madden?Julian oscillation (MJO) significantly impacts the wintertime circulation over North America for lead times up to at ...

Abstract: AbstractForecast climatologies are used to remove systematic errors from forecasts and to express forecasts as departures from normal. Forecast climatologies are computed from hindcasts by various averaging, smoothing, and ...

Abstract: he Pacific/North American (PNA) pattern, North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), and Arctic Oscillation (AO) are three dominant teleconnection patterns known to strongly affect December-February surface weather in the Northern ...