Abstract: Conventional load-rating methods for bridge timber piles consider only concentric axial loads. However, in the case of abutment piles, earth pressure and surcharge loads exert a significant lateral force on the piles. There ...

Abstract: Research and experience have both shown that epoxy-coated reinforcement, the use of which is mandated by most state departments of transportation for bridge decks, increases cracking. Although the epoxy coating protects ...