Abstract: This paper proposes an integral hydrobulge forming (IHBF) method using a triangular patch polyhedron as the closed preform shell. When triangular flat parts are welded along the edges in sequence, triangular patch polyhedra ...

Abstract: Current vehicle energy absorbers face two problems during a collision in that there is only a 70% collapse in length and there is a high initial peak load. These problems arise because the presently used energy-absorbing ...