Abstract: During the last 300 years, most of the poor rice harvests caused by unusual cool summers and leading to famine conditions in the Tohoku district (the northeastern part of Japan), took place just after the great volcanic ...

Abstract: A hypothesis of hydrodynamic similarity is proposed in respect to both the atmospheric and oceanic boundary layers just above and below their interface. Both layers are combined through an identical geometric surface ...

Abstract: A multilayer energy budget model for vegetation canopy is developed to describe the fluxes of sensible and latent heat exchanged between the vegetated surface and the atmosphere. The model gives satisfactory results when ...

Abstract: A value for the exchange speed of sensible heat CHU under natural convective conditions was determined by both indoor and field experiments. Regardless of the type of experiment, the relationships for the CHU were obtained ...

Abstract: A large number of forest fires were enhanced by atypically strong dry winds over northeastern Japan on 27 April 1983. The strong surface winds were induced by vertical mixing of momentum in the unstable planetary boundary ...

Abstract: The snowmelt and heat balance in snow-covered formed areas have been studied with the use of a canopy model. It was found that, in general, as the canopy density increased the snowmelt decreased. However, with conditions ...

Abstract: A linear heat budget model is developed to estimate the daytime means of the bulk transfer coefficients for heat and evaporation efficiency using the daily variation of observational data. The daily variation of shortwave ...

Abstract: An empirical-statistical method to estimate surface wind speed over complex terrain under strong wind condition is proposed. This method is based on the postulation that the surface wind speed depends on a surface roughness ...

Abstract: A model is presented for estimating the seasonal variations of evaporation, soil-water content, and soil temperature over nonvegetated land surfaces, especially in arid and semiarid regions. In the model, several types of ...

Abstract: A multilayer energy budget model for a horizontal-homogeneous vegetation canopy and a simple radiometric canopy model are developed to estimate sensible heat flux with use of the observed directional radiometric temperature ...