Abstract: The evaluation of the excess pore water pressure ratio (ru), the ratio of the excess pore water pressure of the soil, is a defining approach to assessing liquefaction occurrence. Rarely is ru measured, so surficial ...

Abstract: The significant reduction in the stiffness of liquefied soil is accompanied by a decrease in the shear wave velocity, which ultimately results in the softening of the liquefied site. Time–frequency response analysis can ...

Abstract: Rocking foundations have emerged as an attractive design to reduce the seismic loads of structures during strong earthquakes. However, they cannot be applied in the field directly because of the permanent deformation caused ...