Abstract: Unbalanced pricing in unit price contracts aims at gaining additional benefits for the contractor who utilizes this strategy at the expense of the owner, or obtaining a competitive advantage over other competing bidders ...

Abstract: Contractors bidding on unit price contracts frequently utilize unbalanced bidding, particularly for public construction projects. Contractors’ use of unbalanced bids takes various forms and occurs at differing degrees to ...

Abstract: Unbalanced bidding is a common practice associated with both unit price and lump sum contracts. This practice is not usually in the owner’s best interests and is used in different forms by contractors for various reasons. ...

Abstract: Unbalanced bidding is a common practice associated with both unit price and lump sum contracts. This practice is not usually in the owner’s best interests and is used in different forms by contractors for various reasons. ...

Abstract: Unbalanced pricing is a common strategy adopted by contractors who participate in competitive bidding for construction contracts. This strategy exposes owners to several risks, and therefore bidding regulations of a number ...

Abstract: Unbalanced pricing in competitive bidding is a source of concern for public authorities responsible for managing the tendering stage of public work projects. This paper studies international laws governing public bidding ...

Abstract: Unit-price contracts are common in public construction projects. Such contracts expose contractors to economic risks due to deviations between owner-estimated quantities and actual quantities of work. Contractors typically ...

Abstract: Contractors bidding on public construction projects must observe applicable rules and regulations and comply with their terms and conditions. Failure to do so exposes the bidding contractor to the risk that its bid will ...