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RISBarotropic and Baroclinic Ageostrophic Winds and Completeness of Solution for the Psi Equations
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: This paper examines the completeness of the solutions for three-dimensional ageostrophic circulations determined from the quasigeostrophic psi equations (or from the counterpart semigeostrophic psi equations in ...
On the Formation of Potential-Vorticity Anomalies in Upper-Level Jet-Front Systems
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: We review and discuss a difference in interpretation of the role of turbulence in modifying the potential-vorticity distribution in the vicinity of upper-level jet-front systems. In the late 1970s, M. A. Shapiro presented ...
A Climatology of Extratropical Cyclones Leading to Extreme Weather Events over Central and Eastern North America
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: AbstractCool-season extreme weather events (EWEs) (i.e., high-impact weather events that are societally disruptive, geographically widespread, exceptionally prolonged, and climatologically infrequent) are typically associated ...
Balanced and Unbalanced Upper-Level Frontogenesis
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: The dynamics of frontogenesis at upper levels are investigated using a hierarchy of three numerical models. They are, in order of decreasing sophistication, the anelastic (AN), the geostrophic momentum (GM), and the ...
A Two-Dimensional Primitive Equation Model of Frontogenesis Forced by Confluence and Horizontal Shear
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: A two-dimensional primitive equation model of frontogenesis forced by a combination of confluence and horizontal shear is formulated for dry, nearly adiabatic and inviscid conditions. The frontogenetical forcing mechanisms ...
Diagnosis of Ageostrophic Circulations in a Two-Dimensional Primitive Equation Model of Frontogenesis
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: Diagnoses are presented of the transverse ageostrophic circulation patterns for two cases from a two-dimensional primitive equation model of frontogenesis forced by a combination of confluence and horizontal shear. The ...
Regional Models: Emerging Research Tools for Synoptic Meteorologists
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: Although the development of limited-area, regional-scale numerical-weather prediction models has been driven largely by the practical need to improve quantitative precipitation forecasts, a related motivation has been ...
The Effect of Along-front Temperature Variation in a Two-Dimensional Primitive Equation Model of Surface Frontogenesis
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: The development of frontal zones is examined in a two-dimensional primitive equation model of frontogenesis formulated for dry, nearly adiabatic and inviscid conditions. The model results are interpreted in the context of ...
Shear and Curvature vorticity and Potential-Vorticity Interchanges: Interpretation and Application to a Cutoff Cyclone Event
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: Equations are presented for the evolution of isobaric shear and curvature vorticity and for isentropic shear and curvature potential vorticity in natural (streamline-following) coordinates, in the case of adiabatic, ...
Tests of a Fine-Mesh Model over Europe and the United States
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: Thirty?two 24 h forecasts have been run over western Europe and the eastern United States using a six-layer, 60 km mesh primitive equation model. The forecasts show considerable skill in forecasting cyclogenesis over the ...