Abstract: Dynamical subgrid-scale parameterizations of stochastic backscatter, eddy drain viscosity, and net eddy viscosity have been formulated and calculated for two-dimensional turbulent flows on the sphere based on the statistics ...

Abstract: Systematic kinetic energy errors are examined in barotropic and multilevel general circulation models. The dependence of energy spectra on resolution and dissipation and, in addition for the barotropic model, on topography ...