Abstract: We have produced, using objective techniques, a long-term series of average Northern Hemisphere temperatures based on monthly mean station data gridded on a 5° latitude by 10° longitude grid. Difficulties in the estimation ...

Abstract: The significance of the urban warming effect on large-scale and hemispheric mean temperature series is assessed using estimates of the urbanization bias for stations in the United States produced by Karl et al. It is ...

Abstract: Modern applications of wind energy include water pumping and, for supply of electricity, grid-connected wind turbines and wind/direct stand-alone systems. In Britain, wind energy has been found to be particularly suited ...

Abstract: We describe annual and seasonal changes in air temperatures over high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere during the period 1881?1980. Trends (that is, fluctuations on time scales greater than 20 years) in the average ...

Abstract: Reconstructions of winter (December-February) sea level pressure (SLP) from western North American tree-ring chronologies are compared with a proxy record of winter severity in Japan derived from the historically documented ...

Abstract: Iceberg trajectory, deterioration (mass loss), and sea ice data are reviewed to identify the sources of observed interannual and seasonal variations in the numbers of icebergs passing south of 48°N off eastern North America. ...