Abstract: The lower stiffness of PVC pipes results in more complex pipe–soil interactions, making it difficult to accurately assess jacking force using existing specifications. A soil pressure calculation model of PVC pipes that ...

Abstract: The axial compression performance of confined reinforced concrete columns in cryogenic temperature environments is affected by the mechanical properties of reinforcement and concrete materials. The properties of reinforcement ...

Abstract: The bond behavior between steel bar and concrete is greatly affected by the properties of the concrete material and rebar. Compared with ambient temperatures, the mechanical characteristics of concrete material and rebar ...