Abstract: A theory of resistance to flow in steep, rough streams is developed that takes into account the existence of a highly turbulent wake zone near the bed of a very rough boundary. Two zones are identified in the flow field. ...

Abstract: An experimental research on the scour produced under a pipe exposed to a stream is reported. Experiments were performed in a rectangular laboratory channel whose bed was composed of loose granular particles of two different ...

Abstract: It has been established that for ratios of flow depth to bed particle diameter less than ten (flow on very rough boundaries) neither the Reynolds number of the solid loose particles at a stream bed nor the Shields parameter ...