Abstract: The models developed in the first part of this study are applied to predict the removal of 4-nitrophenol by powdered activated carbon (PAC) in a bench-scale reactor. A series of continuous-flow filtration experiments were ...

Abstract: Adsorption is modeled when powdered activated carbon (PAC) is applied in continuous-flow reactors followed by membrane filtration units operated without carbon wastage between backwash events. Four reactor configurations ...