Abstract: The problem of scheduling maintenance for pavements in an optimum fashion has been approached in a variety of ways by researchers and practitioners. However, the Markov decision process has found very limited use despite ...

Abstract: An analytical model was developed to compare the life-cycle costs of two types of underground heat distribution systems: directly buried conduits and concrete trench installations. The costs of initial construction, routine ...

Abstract: A survey of existing underground heat distribution systems was conducted to compare the failure characteristics of steel conduits with fiberglass reinforced plastic conduits. Pressure testing was carried out in order to ...

Abstract: Simultaneous improvement of machining cost, quality and environmental impact is sometimes possible, but after the Pareto optimal frontier has been reached, decisions must be made regarding unavoidable ...