Abstract: This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of a large city on heavy rainfall in Tokyo, Japan, based on an ensemble simulation with a large number of members. An ensemble simulation (24 members) of eight brief ...

Abstract: A single-layer urban canopy model was integrated into a nonhydrostatic meteorological model, the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS). In the new model, called RAMS-Urban Canopy (RAMS-UC), anthropogenic heat emission ...