Abstract: A formulation is proposed to analyze energetics of the global atmosphere. To see effects of wave?mean-flow interaction and Lagrangian mean meridional circulation from nonlinear and nongeostrophic senses, rate equations of ...

Abstract: he growth rate of baroclinic instability waves is generalized in terms of wave?mean flow interactions, with an emphasis on the influence of the vertical profile of baroclinicity. The wave energy is converted from the zonal ...

Abstract: A cascade-type energy conversion diagram is proposed for the purpose of diagnosing the atmospheric general circulation based on wave?mean flow interactions. Mass-weighted isentropic zonal means facilitate the expression ...

Abstract: The Lagrangian characteristics of vertical motions around the Antarctic polar vortex are investigated using a general circulation model (GCM) and various analysis methods. A trace analysis that estimated the vertical ...

Abstract: The influence of the sea surface temperature (SST) rise on extratropical baroclinic instability wave activity is investigated using an aquaplanet general circulation model (GCM). Two types of runs were performed: the High+3 ...

Abstract: In this study, the impacts of evaporative cooling from raindrops on a tropical cyclone (TC) are examined using cloud-resolving simulations under an idealized condition. Part I of this study showed that evaporative cooling ...

Abstract: Cloud-resolving simulations of an ideal tropical cyclone (TC) on an f plane are performed to investigate the effects of evaporative cooling on the evolution and structure of a TC. Evaporative cooling has markedly different ...

Abstract: Mechanisms that control the formation and decay of meridional gradients in stratospheric trace species in the subtropics and around the polar vortex are investigated using a gradient genesis equation that uses mass-weighted ...

Abstract: A transport equation based on mass-weighted isentropic zonal means applies to the diagnosis for the meridional ozone transport in the troposphere and stratosphere. The mean and eddy ozone fluxes are estimated from the ...

Abstract: AbstractThe present study develops a diagnostic framework for investigating the three-dimensional (3D) structure of mass-weighted isentropic time-mean (T-MIM) meridional circulations and conducts a preliminary analysis of ...