Abstract: A variational data assimilation system is presented for the initialization of an ocean surface circulation forecast system. The authors? variational data assimilation system is designed to satisfy both statistical and ...

Abstract: o clarify the effect of fluctuations in surface stress and heat fluxes on the intensity of a mature-state hurricane, a sensitivity analysis is performed by using a cloud-permitting nonhydrostatic axisymmetric adjoint model. ...

Abstract: A simultaneous assimilation model of drifting buoy and altimetric data is proposed to determine the mean sea surface height (SSH) as well as the temporal evolution of the surface circulation on synoptic scales. To demonstrate ...

Abstract: our-dimensional variational data assimilation (4D-Var) on a seasonal-to-interdecadal time scale under the existence of unstable modes can be viewed as an optimization problem of synchronized, coupled chaotic systems. The ...