Abstract: A two-layer numerical model driven by the wind stress is used to explain the observed annual variation of the Kuroshio transport south of Japan. Special attention is given to the effect of a ridge, representing the ...

Abstract: To clarify characteristics and mechanisms of mesoscale variability in the deep ocean, we conducted a two-dimensional observation with a 3 × 3 grid mooring array around site R (30°N, 147°E) during 2014–16. We analyze the ...