Abstract: The spread in climate sensitivity obtained from 12 general circulation model runs used in the Fourth Assessment of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change indicates a 95% confidence interval of 2.1°?5.5°C, but this ...

Abstract: AbstractThe International Comprehensive Ocean?Atmosphere Dataset (ICOADS) is a cornerstone for estimating changes in sea surface temperatures (SST) over the instrumental era. Interest in determining SST changes to within ...

Abstract: number of previous observational studies have found that the waters of the deep Pacific Ocean have an age, or elapsed time since contact with the surface, of 700?1000 yr. Numerical models suggest ages twice as old. Here, ...

Abstract: Differences in sea surface temperature (SST) biases among groups of bucket measurements in the International Comprehensive Ocean–Atmosphere Dataset, version 3.0 (ICOADS3.0), were recently identified that introduce offsets ...

Abstract: Ocean tracer distributions have long been used to decompose the deep ocean into constituent water masses, but previous inverse methods have generally been limited to just a few water masses that have been defined by a ...

Abstract: n an earlier study, a weaker trend in global mean temperature over the past 15 years relative to the preceding decades was characterized as significantly lower than those contained within the phase 5 of the Coupled Model ...