Abstract: Given the distribution of one atmospheric variable, that of nearly all others can be derived in balanced flow. In particular, potential vorticity inversion (PVI) selects potential vorticity (PV) to derive pressure, winds, ...

Abstract: The regression of atmospheric fields against a parameter P with lag τ is a standard procedure in meteorology. Here, the torque exerted by a mountain massif is chosen as a parameter in order to study the interaction of ...

Abstract: The axial angular momentum (AAM) budget of zonal atmospheric annuli extending from the surface to a given height and over meridional belts is discussed within the framework of conventional and transformed Eulerian mean ...

Abstract: he wave forcing of the atmospheric mean flow in isentropic coordinates has been investigated intensively in the past with the divergence of the Eliassen?Palm flux playing a dominating role. These concepts are reviewed ...

Abstract: The relation of pressure torques and mountain torques is investigated on the basis of observations for the polar caps, two midlatitude and two subtropical belts, and a tropical belt by evaluating the lagged covariances of ...

Abstract: The budget equation of the zonally averaged angular momentum is analyzed by introducing belts of 1000-km width to cover the meridional plane from pole to pole up to an altitude of 28 km. Using ECMWF Re-Analysis (ERA) data ...

Abstract: Transfer of axial angular momentum across isentropic surfaces due to adiabatic processes is performed by pressure torques. These torques are evaluated from observations for selected latitude belts and isentropic surfaces, ...

Abstract: The concept of downward control proposes a mechanism for the impact of the stratospheric circulation on the troposphere. Momentum forcing at upper-stratospheric levels induces a meridional circulation that eventually reaches ...

Abstract: Earlier analyses of the annual cycle of the axial angular momentum (AAM) are extended to include mass flows and vertical transports as observed, and to establish angular momentum budgets for various control volumes, using ...

Abstract: Given the budget equation for the global axial angular momentum M, the related covariance equations are derived. These equations allow one to study the response of the global angular momentum to the forcing by mountain and ...