Abstract: n aviation meteorology, METAR messages are used to disseminate the existence of cumulonimbus (Cb) clouds. METAR messages are traditionally constructed manually from human observations, but there is a growing trend toward ...

Abstract: Two approaches to producing a hail climatology for Finland are compared. The first approach is based on 70 yr of hail reports from different sources (newspapers, storm spotters, and other volunteers). The second is derived ...

Abstract: A climatology of severe hail (2 cm in diameter or larger) in Finland was constructed by collecting newspaper, storm-spotter, and eyewitness reports. The climatology covered the warm season (1 May?14 September) during the ...

Abstract: method for the operational monitoring of the weather radar antenna mechanics and signal processing is presented. The method is based on the analysis of sun signals in the polar volume data produced during the operational ...