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Reply to “Comments on ‘Aircraft-Induced Hole-Punch and Canal Clouds: Inadvertent Cloud Seeding’”
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
DEDICATION
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Cirrus Uncinus Generating Cells and the Evolution of Cirriform Clouds. Part III: Numerical Computations of the Growth of the Ice Phase
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: Equations were developed to calculate the growth of the ice phase in cirrus clouds. Calculations indicated that nucleation of ice crystals in cirrus uncinus heads forming at temperatures lower than ?35°C generally should ...
Cirrus Uncinus Generating Cells and the Evolution of Cirriform Clouds. Part II: The Structure and Circulations of the Cirrus Uncinus Generating Head
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: The structure and circulations of the cirrus uncinus generating head were determined from aircraft measurements of the temperatures, horizontal wind velocities and particle spectra at different altitudes. Stable layers ...
Cirrus Uncinus Generating Cells and the Evolution of Cirriform Clouds. Part I: Aircraft Observations of the Growth of the Ice Phase
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: The growth of the ice phase in cirrus uncinus and cirrostratus clouds was studied through aircraft measurement of cloud particle spectra at different altitudes. Five different cirrus uncinus clouds were studied; one of the ...
Ice Crystal Terminal Velocities
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: Terminal velocities of different ice crystal forms were calculated using the most recent ice crystal drag coefficients, aspect ratios and densities. The equations derived were primarily for use in calculating precipitation ...
A Technique for Investigating Graupel and Hail Development
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: A technique is described for simulating the development of particles in a storm when data on the internal composition and wind-field structures are available. Simulations such as these can be used to investigate particle ...
Production of Ice in Tropospheric Clouds: A Review
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: Ice in the troposphere affects a variety of processes, including the formation of precipitation, and cloud lifetime, albedo, dynamics, and electrification. A lack of understanding of the ways in which ice is created and ...
Graupel and Hail Terminal Velocities: Does a “Supercritical” Reynolds Number Apply?
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: his study characterizes the terminal velocities of heavily rimed ice crystals and aggregates, graupel, and hail using a combination of recent drag coefficient and particle bulk density observations. Based on a nondimensional ...
Cloud Conditions Favoring Secondary Ice Particle Production in Tropical Maritime Convection
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: rogress in understanding the formation of ice in lower-tropospheric clouds is slowed by the difficulties in characterizing the many complex interactions that lead to ice initiation and to the dynamic, non-steady-state ...