Abstract: In this paper a 55-yr (1948?2002) Northern Hemisphere blocking climatology is presented. Traditional blocking indices and methodologies are revised and a new blocking detection method is designed. This algorithm detects ...

Abstract: This paper presents the daily solar ultraviolet-B (UVB) values measured in Madrid, Spain, during the period 1994?97 with a Brewer MKIV spectrophotometer. The range of the measured values was 0.042?6.41 kJ m?2. A description ...

Abstract: Spanish historical archives contain a vast store of information about Spain and its former colonies in America and Asia. Some searches for climate-related information within these archives have been undertaken recently, ...

Abstract: Historical documentary sources in the Canary Islands have been used to construct cereal production series for the period 1595?1836. The cereal growth period in this region covers essentially the rainy season, making these ...

Abstract: The 2004/05 hydrological year (October 2004 to September 2005) was characterized by intense dry conditions affecting most of western Europe (35°?55°N and 10°W?10°E). In Iberia the drought affected every month of this period, ...

Abstract: Historical accounts of the voyages of the Manila galleons derived from the Archivo General de Indias (General Archive of the Indies, Seville, Spain) are used to infer past changes in the atmospheric circulation of the ...