Abstract: The effects of forcing and dissipation are incorporated into finite amplitude, local wave-activity relations for disturbances to zonal and nonzonal flows. The method used is an extension of the momentum?Casimir and ...

Abstract: The interaction between a close wind-gyre and a neighboring eastward current is investigated using a hierarchy of increasingly complex analytical models. The method used to determine the vertical structure is that proposed ...

Abstract: Wave activity diagnostics are calculated for four different baroclinic wave life cycles, including the LC1 and LC2 cases studied by Thorncroft, Hoskins, and McIntyre. The wave activity is a measure of the disturbance ...

Abstract: umerical experiments, presented in a companion paper, have been performed in which the zonal-mean state of the stratosphere in a comprehensive, stratosphere-resolving, general circulation model is strongly relaxed (or ...

Abstract: The authors consider quasi-stationary planetary waves that are excited by localized midlatitude orographic forcing in a three-dimensional primitive-equation model. The waves propagate toward subtropical regions where the ...

Abstract: An expression is derived for the quasi-horizontal part of the mass transport across a given potential vorticity contour on an isentropic surface, in terms of the rate of change of absolute circulation around the contour ...

Abstract: he fluctuation?dissipation theorem (FDT) has been suggested as a method of calculating the response of the climate system to a small change in an external parameter. The simplest form of the FDT assumes that the probability ...

Abstract: AbstractA configuration of an idealized general circulation model has been obtained in which a deep, stratospheric, equatorial, westerly jet is established that is spontaneously and quasi-periodically disrupted by shallow ...

Abstract: A vertical discretization of the primitive equations in a general vertical coordinate is described that enables a primitive equation model to use terrain-following sigma levels near the ground and isentropic levels higher ...

Abstract: AbstractA configuration of an idealized general circulation model has been obtained in which a deep, stratospheric, equatorial, westerly jet is established that is spontaneously and quasi-periodically disrupted by shallow ...