Abstract: Spectral formulas are derived to compute nonlinear energy transfer spectra by use of the cross-spectral technique. Nonlinear product terms are calculated directly from dependent variables without using the conventional ...

Abstract: A modification is made of the conventional energy cycle by combining the eddy flux convergence and the mean meridional circulation terms in the mean momentum and heat equations. The combined terms are interpreted as the ...

Abstract: In order to explain why the Aleutian high stands out in the winter stratosphere, a complex Fourier analysis is made of simulated and observed stationary waves. It is found that in the troposphere the envelope of the time ...

Abstract: Space-time spectral formulas are modified to estimate wavenumber-frequency spectra correctly from space-time series data sampled at the same local time but at different hours of a day by a polar-orbiting satellite. It is ...

Abstract: Interpretations are given of two different formulations of space-time spectral energy equations derived by Kao (1968) and Hayashi (1980). Contrary to Kao's interpretation, it is argued that his formulation does not describe ...

Abstract: Spectral formulas for analyzing transient waves are presented. Cross-spectral analysis of space-Fourier coefficients isolates travelling waves and standing wave oscillations, and provides statistical information concerning ...

Abstract: In order to interpret climate statistics correctly, the definitions of climate change, signal-to-noise ratio and statistical significance are clarified. It is proposed to test the significance of climate statistics by the ...

Abstract: A space-time cross spectrum analysis is applied to the 11-layer, 2.4° mesh GFDL general circulation model with seasonal variation, extending the work of Manabe et al. A statistical study is made of the model's tropical ...

Abstract: A response of large-scale equatorial waves to a thermal or a lateral forcing confined in the troposphere is examined analytically by imposing. the radiation condition based on an equatorial beta-plane model without wind ...

Abstract: A formula is derived to express the PR coherence between the progressive and retrogressive components in terms of the CS coherence between the cosine and sine space-Fourier coefficients. By the use of the PR coherence the ...