Abstract: Although concrete is widely considered a very durable material, if conditions are such, it can be vulnerable to deterioration and early distress development. Alkali-silica reaction (ASR) is a major durability problem in ...

Abstract: During freezing temperatures, ice accumulates on exposed concrete slabs such as bridge decks. Deicing salts such as calcium chloride are applied to control this ice formation. These salts migrate down to the reinforcing ...