Abstract: An energy balance climate model (EBCM) is presented having 1) a seasonal cycle; 2) surface-air, land-sea, and latitudinal resolution; 3) simulation of sea ice in terms of a number of explicit physical processes and in such ...

Abstract: A two-dimensional (latitude?depth) ocean?climate model is used to assess the impact of calculating diffusive heat and salinity fluxes along and across isopycnal surfaces rather than in a vertical?horizontal coordinate ...

Abstract: The asynchronous coupling schemes used in the seasonal, coupled atmosphere?ocean general circulation models (A/O GCMs) of Manabe et al. 1979 and Washington et al. 1980 are tested in the seasonal, coupled atmosphere?ocean ...

Abstract: A sea ice model for use in zonally averaged energy balance climate models is presented which includes the following processes: surface melting, basal freezing and melting, lateral melting from ice-flee water or growth of ...

Abstract: An energy balance climate model with sea ice and seasonal land snow cover is used to investigate the climatic response to Milankovitch orbital variations. Model response to a change of obliquity is in phase in the Northern ...

Abstract: Atmosphere?ocean general circulation models (AOGCMs) employ very different land surface schemes (LSSs) and, as a result, their predictions of land surface quantities are often difficult to compare. Some of the disagreement ...

Abstract: An energy balance climate model with latitudinal, surface?air, and land?sea resolution is coupled to a two-dimensional (latitude?depth) ocean model and used to simulate changes in surface and surface air temperature since ...