Abstract: To determine the kinetic energy consumption of various spray-sprinkler structural parameters, the hydraulic performance, including the discharge and initial trajectory velocity, was investigated using computational fluid ...

Abstract: In this paper, a safety envelope concept for load tolerance is introduced. This shows the capacity of the current design as a future reference for design upgrade, maintenance, and control. The ...

Abstract: This study conducted a comprehensive field trial test on a large-diameter, extra-long, rock-embedded energy pile subjected to mechanical, thermal, and coupled thermomechanical loads. This paper introduces a novel approach ...