Abstract: Utility requirements can often dictate the use of openings in prestressed concrete beams and girders. Such provision of openings minimizes headroom and thus, leads to economy. In this paper the nonlinear analysis and design ...

Abstract: Web openings in beams occur quite often in practice to provide convenient passage of environmental services. As a result, story heights in buildings can be reduced resulting in major cost savings. In this paper the nonlinear ...

Abstract: There is a growing trend in constructing multistory garages and high-rise buildings where utility ducts are passed through openings in the floor beams. Accommodating the utility services in such a manner minimizes dead ...