Abstract: This paper presents a modification to the classical cap model by including the third stress invariant and the kinematic hardening rule in the formulation. An isotropic‐kinematic hardening rule for cohesionless soils is ...

Abstract: A method of calculating soil cover requirements for horizontally bent buried pipelines is described. In sequence, the results of a comprehensive three-dimensional finite element analysis are used ...

Abstract: This paper discusses the stability of underground pipelines with preformed vertical bends buried in sandy soil. More specifically, the minimum cover height required to prevent the pipe from ...