Abstract: A modified activated sludge process, called the oxic-settling-anaerobic (OSA) process, achieved effective reduction in excess sludge production. Its key feature is the insertion of a sludge holding tank in the sludge return ...

Abstract: A concept of an energy spilling coefficient between anabolism and catabolism was developed. Based on this concept, two models were proposed to describe quantitatively the effect of a substrate on the coefficient for ...

Abstract: The impact of increased chloride concentration on continuous flow nitrifying-activated sludge cultures is reported in this paper. To examine further the effect of chloride concentration on nitrifying-activated sludge, a ...

Abstract: Utilization of dissolved organic matter in a 1.5 km section of a sanitary gravity concrete sewer with an inner diameter of 450 mm constructed on a slope of 0.0075 was studied. Continuous measurements of dissolved organic ...