Abstract: A methodology to define uncertainties associated with ocean surface heat flux calculations has been developed and applied to a global climatology that utilizes a summary of the Comprehensive Ocean?Atmosphere Data Set surface ...

Abstract: eproducing characteristics of observed sea ice extent remains an important climate modeling challenge. This study describes several approaches to improve how model biases in total sea ice distribution are quantified, and ...

Abstract: Observations show the oceans have warmed over the past 40 yr, with appreciable regional variation and more warming at the surface than at depth. Comparing the observations with results from two coupled ocean?atmosphere ...

Abstract: etrics are proposed?that is, a few summary statistics that condense large amounts of data from observations or model simulations?encapsulating the diurnal cycle of precipitation. Vector area averaging of Fourier amplitude ...

Abstract: We compare the performance of several modes of variability across six U.S. climate modeling groups, with a focus on identifying robust improvements in recent models [including those participating in phase 6 of the Coupled ...

Abstract: The ENSO metrics package is a community-developed tool to evaluate climate models and promote scientific understanding among model development teams and model output users.The El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the ...

Abstract: The Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP), initiated in 1989 under the auspices of the World Climate Research Programme, undertook the systematic validation, diagnosis, and intercomparison of the performance of ...