Abstract: Concrete can be cast and cured at freezing temperatures when additive-based freeze protection (ABFP) is included in the concrete mixture. However, the effects of extremely cold temperatures on the mechanical properties of ...

Abstract: The friction at the steel pipe–flowing concrete interface plays an important role in concrete pumpability. To reduce the friction or improve pumpability, in this paper, various ultrafine powders (nanoclay, nano-CaCO3, and ...