Abstract: Several precise point positioning or relative positioning services are available online for postprocessing static global navigation satellite system (GNSS) data collected on a single mark. The accuracy of five services ...

Abstract: In the 1990s, Bartlett and Youd introduced empirical equations for predicting horizontal displacement from liquefaction-induced lateral spreading; these equations have become popular in engineering practice. The equations ...

Abstract: To derive ellipsoid heights on passive marks with centimeter-level accuracy, many current specifications require the collection and adjustment of long-duration, static, postprocessed global navigation satellite system ...

Abstract: Current bridge inspectors commonly collect high-definition digital photographs of bridge members and connections at different scales when performing inspections over multiple years. Metric images are advantageous for bridge ...

Abstract: Real-time networks (RTNs) have become popular for global navigation satellite system (GNSS) surveys because highly accurate positions can be derived in seconds to a few minutes compared with the many minutes and hours ...

Abstract: Photogrammetry using structure from motion (SfM) and multiview stereopsis (MVS) techniques can recover three-dimensional (3D) structure from a set of overlapping, unoriented, and uncalibrated images captured by nonmetric ...