Abstract: Numerical (2D) simulations of persistent contrails have been performed. The simulations begin in the vortex phase (i.e., when the aircraft wake dynamics are dominated by the pair of downward travelling vortices) and pursue ...

Abstract: This article reviews the current state of understanding of the science of contrails: 1) how they are formed, 2) their microphysical properties as they evolve into contrail cirrus and whether their microphysical properties ...