Abstract: The turbulent heat fluxes at the soil surface are not observed (or poorly observed) by existing observational systems. This affects the ability to reliably predict the consequences of climate changes on the hydrologic ...

Abstract: This paper is a continuation of empirical studies of cloud and snow cover effects on climate based on a blend of observational meteorological data for the past several decades. It employs the idea that the analysis of ...

Abstract: Groisman and Genikhovich developed a method to obtain direct estimates of surface turbulent heat fluxes. The authors now apply it to the territory of the former Soviet Union using the 3-/6-h data of 257 stations for the ...