Abstract: While entering the twenty-first century, the need to adapt to the technological and social developments requires an openness to the reforms in geodesy and related disciplines in developing countries such as Turkey. Geodesy ...

Abstract: The Gauss-Bonnet theorem was studied and applied to a geodesic triangle and the results given. The aim of this paper is to take a subject whose results are given mostly superficial treatment and present a more clear and ...

Abstract: Normal curvatures formed at a point on any surface and relations regarding these are analogous to the deformations formed on distorted surfaces. By using the analogy, which is mentioned for the first time in this paper, ...