Abstract: This experimental study investigates the effect of surface waves that are superimposed on a unidirectional current around a bridge pier in a gravel bed, which employs particle image velocimetry (PIV). A comprehensive ...

Abstract: Turbulent flow around a circular pier on a gravel bed is investigated experimentally, using particle image velocimetry. The turbulent kinetic energy (TKE), Reynolds shear stress (RSS), and vorticity are examined to understand ...