Abstract: Recent advances in our understanding of the boundary layer and cumulus convection in the tropics are reviewed. The review reflects the interactive nature of the atmosphere-ocean system. It discusses the observational picture ...

Abstract: Obsemations presented show that the undisturbed subcloud layer near the ITCZ resembles that of the trades. Mixed and transition layers are also seen between cloud drafts during disturbed periods when shallow mixed layers ...

Abstract: Results of a one-dimensional mixed-layer growth model are compared with thermodynamic observations made during the GARP Atlantic Tropical Experiment (GATE). Observed drying at low levels accompanying warming in the wake ...

Abstract: The thermodynamic modification of the subcloud layer in the GATE area is shown to be a function of precipitating convection. A critical rate of 2 mm h?1, based on the Z ? R relationship, in conjunction with 4 km ? 4 km ...

Abstract: The role of the surface velocity fields in the formation, maintenance and decay of convective storms is examined using approximately 90 days of measurements in a densely instrumented network (660 km2) in south Florida. The ...

Abstract: Three stages, prerain, mature and decay, in the life cycle of a convective storm are shown by compiling surface observations from 12 well-organized Florida summertime thunderstorms. In the mature stage, a distinction is ...

Abstract: Data for a 3-day period from an experimental region formed by 6 islands of the Windward Group in the West Indies, a research vessel in the tropical Atlantic, an instrumented aircraft, and TIROS VI and VII form the basis ...

Abstract: Elephant low-frequency calls and atmospheric conditions that influence the transmission and detection of these calls were recorded at a fixed location over a period of about 3 weeks at the end of the dry season in the ...