Abstract: A parameterization of planetary wave breaking in the middle atmosphere has been developed and tested in a numerical model which includes governing equations for a single wave and the zonal-mean state. The parameterization ...

Abstract: A zonally averaged, quasi-geostrophic residual Eulerian model is used to illustrate how the adjustment of the middle atmophere to externally imposed forcing depends on internal dissipative properties (parameterized as ...

Abstract: This paper reports on an investigation into the chronology of El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events during the period from the arrival of Europeans in Peru in 1531 until the year 1841 when conventional barometric data ...

Abstract: The forcing of equatorial waves by convective heating in the National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Climate Model (CCM3) is investigated and compared with the forcing deduced from observations of convective ...

Abstract: Recent satellite observations suggest that convection over the tropical continents is capable of exciting wave motions over a wide range of spatial and temporal scales. An equatorial beta-plane model was used to investigate ...

Abstract: Two simulations from the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model, covering the periods 1950?2003 and 1980?2050, are used to investigate the nature of the waves that force the increase of the tropical upwelling in the lower ...

Abstract: A one-dimensional model that solves the time-dependent equations for the zonal mean wind and a wave of specified zonal wavenumber has been used to illustrate the ability of gravity waves forced by time-dependent tropospheric ...

Abstract: Observations made by the Solar Mesosphere Explorer (SME) satellite from 1982 through 1986 are used to examine the seasonal variation of temperature in the equatorial mesosphere between 58.5 and 90 km. Near the equator, ...