Abstract: This paper proposes a new model to quantify the enhancement effect of confinement elements on the seismic behavior of confined masonry (CM) structures. Using this model, a combined assessment index considering the effects ...

Abstract: This paper studied experimentally the behavior of circular fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP)–steel-confined concrete columns subjected to reversed cyclic loads. The influence of main structural factors on the cyclic behavior ...

Abstract: The application of concrete is severely limited in construction in cold areas. However, the local ice has functioned as a potential substitute for concrete for a long time. In order to make efficient use of ice to overcome ...