Abstract: Heat exchangers are important facilities that are widely used in heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. For example, heat exchangers are the primary units used in the design of the heat transfer loops ...

Abstract: Data centers consume a considerable amount of energy which is estimated to be about 2% of the total electrical energy consumed in the U.S. in the year 2010, and this number continues to increase every year. Thermal management ...