Abstract: The cube is considered the best shape for high-quality ballast aggregates. However, the presence of flaky and elongated aggregates (misshapen particles) caused during ballast production is unavoidable. In this regard, the ...

Abstract: In this study, a series of single-tie push tests were performed on biblock and monoblock sleepers on a test track. In these tests, the variation of shoulder height and shoulder width has been considered as effective ...