Abstract: Turbulent secondary flows are motions in the transverse plane, perpendicular to a main, axial flow. They are encountered in non-circular ducts and can, although the velocity is only of the ...

Abstract: The differences in mixing performance between axisymmetric turbulent jets issuing from three common types of nozzle, viz. a contoured (or smooth contraction) nozzle, a sharp-edged orifice and a ...