Abstract: Pore size distribution is an important factor that affects the moisture diffusion and permeability properties of cement-based materials. For cement paste, it is assumed that the mesopores (100 nm–0.01 mm) and macropores ...

Abstract: Formation of ice plays a key role in the behavior of concrete materials at low temperatures in cold and wet regions. The internal stresses generated during the freeze-thaw process could cause serious damage and other ...

Abstract: It is widely known that concrete structures in cold and humid environments usually suffer frost damage and thus deteriorate faster, especially those structures without using air-entraining agents and with exposure to ...