Abstract: l Niño?Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events are accompanied by an anomalous zonal sea surface temperature (SST) gradient over the west Pacific Ocean, defined here as the west Pacific SST gradient (WPG). The WPG is defined ...

Abstract: An extension of Sinclair's diagnostic model of orographic precipitation (?VDEL?) is developed for use in data-poor regions to enhance rainfall estimates. This extension (VDELB) combines a 2D linearized internal gravity ...

Abstract: STs in the western Pacific Ocean have tracked closely with CMIP5 simulations despite recent hiatus cooling in the eastern Pacific. This paper quantifies these similarities and associated circulation and precipitation ...

Abstract: outhwestern Asia, defined here as the domain bounded by 20°?40°N and 40°?70°E, which includes the nations of Iraq, Iran, Afghanistan, and Pakistan, is a water-stressed and semiarid region that receives roughly 75% of its ...

Abstract: outhwest Asia, defined as the region containing the countries of Afghanistan, Iran, Iraq, and Pakistan, is water scarce and receives nearly 75% of its annual rainfall during the boreal cold season of November?April. The ...

Abstract: precipitation climatology of Africa is documented using 12 years of satellite-derived daily data from the Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP). The focus is on examining spatial variations in the annual cycle ...