Abstract: A multilayer ocean model that is physically simple and computationally efficient is developed for studies of competition and interaction among deep-water sources in determining ocean circulation. The model is essentially ...

Abstract: SiB2, the second-generation land-surface parameterization developed by Sellers et al., has been incorporated into the Colorado State University general circulation model and tested in multidecade simulation. The control ...

Abstract: The radiative and physiological effects of doubled atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) on climate are investigated using a coupled biosphere?atmosphere model. Five 30-yr climate simulations, designed to assess the radiative ...

Abstract: Eleven coupled climate?carbon cycle models used a common protocol to study the coupling between climate change and the carbon cycle. The models were forced by historical emissions and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ...