Abstract: A new approach is advanced for approximating Kalman filtering and smoothing suitable for oceanic and atmospheric data assimilation. The method solves the larger estimation problem by partitioning it into a series of smaller ...

Abstract: Interannual-to-decadal variations of tropical?subtropical mass exchange in the Pacific Ocean are investigated using a near-global ocean general circulation model along with satellite observations of sea level and wind and ...

Abstract: Observations and numerical simulations show that winds near Gibraltar Strait cause an Atlantic Ocean to Mediterranean Sea sea level difference of 20 cm peak to peak with a 3-cm standard deviation for periods of days to ...

Abstract: Green's functions provide a simple yet effective method to test and to calibrate general circulation model (GCM) parameterizations, to study and to quantify model and data errors, to correct model biases and trends, and ...

Abstract: Local advection of temperature is the inner product of vector velocity and spatial gradient of temperature. This product is often integrated spatially to infer temperature advection over a region. However, the contribution ...

Abstract: A new basin-wide oscillation of the Mediterranean Sea is identified and analyzed using sea level observations from the Ocean Topography Experiment (TOPEX)/Poseidon satellite altimeter and a numerical ocean circulation ...

Abstract: Processes controlling the interannual variation of mixed layer temperature (MLT) averaged over the Niño-3 domain (5°N?5°S, 150°?90°W) are studied using an ocean data assimilation product that covers the period of 1993?2003. ...

Abstract: Entrainment is an important element of the mixed layer mass, heat, and temperature budgets. Conventional procedures to estimate entrainment heat advection often do not permit the closure of heat and temperature budgets ...

Abstract: The central issue of how to obtain useful, approximate, uncertainty estimates for assimilation methods using full general circulation models is addressed. Such estimates would be used with assimilation done by either ...