Abstract: Shallow orographic convection embedded in an unstable cap cloud can organize into convective bands. Previous research has highlighted the important role of small-amplitude topographic variations in triggering and organizing ...

Abstract: Marginally unstable air masses impinging upon a mountain ridge may lead to the development of a nominally stratiform orographic cloud with shallow embedded convection. Rainfall amounts and distribution are then strongly ...

Abstract: he purpose of this paper is to validate the representation of topographic flows and moist convection over the European Alps in a convection-parameterizing simulation (CPM; ?x = 6.6 km) and two cloud-resolving simulations ...

Abstract: Most numerical weather prediction models rely on a terrain-following coordinate framework. The computational mesh is thus characterized by inhomogeneities with scales determined by the underlying topography. Such inhomogeneities ...

Abstract: any regional forecasting models struggle to simulate low-lying strong temperature inversions. To understand this apparent deficit for forecast improvements, a case study of a strong inversion occurring in the Bay of Biscay ...

Abstract: Most atmospheric models use terrain-following coordinates, and it is well known that the associated deformation of the computational mesh leads to numerical inaccuracies. In a previous study, the authors proposed a new ...

Abstract: In numerically integrating the equations of motion in terrain-following coordinates, care must be taken in treating the metric terms that arise due to the sloping coordinate surfaces. In particular, metric terms that appear ...

Abstract: he flow and turbulence structure in the atmospheric boundary layer over complex mountainous terrain determines Earth?atmosphere interaction, that is, the exchange of energy, mass, and momentum between the surface over such ...