Abstract: It is essential for electronics reliability to develop effective methodologies to detect hidden solder joint defects. Active infrared thermography is an alternative to Xray detection methodologies. The limits of active ...

Abstract: The distribution character of regional spatial transport linkage is an important part of spatial transport linkage. The aim is the integrated rapid passenger system based on railway, highway, and air transport. Based on ...

Abstract: Motivated by the interest to increase production throughputs of immersion lithography machines, wafers are scanned at increasingly high velocities and accelerations, which may result in liquid loss at the receding contact ...