Abstract: Vertical motions in clouds arise from a variety of thermodynamic processes, including latent heat release, evaporative cooling, melting, and cloud radiative heating. In the Tropics, the net upward vertical mass flux from ...

Abstract: The author describes a one-dimensional cloud model designed to investigate the relationships between stratiform downdrafts, congestus outflow, stability, and relative humidity in the tropical lower troposphere. In the ...

Abstract: In the Tropics, the variation of rainfall with sea surface temperature (SST) is highly nonlinear. Rainfall shows no dependence on SST for SST increases from 19° to 26°C, abruptly increases by a factor of 5 as SSTs increase ...

Abstract: Convective clouds in the Tropics that penetrate the boundary layer inversion preferentially detrain into a shallow outflow layer (2?5 km) or a deep outflow layer (10?17 km). The properties of these layers are diagnosed ...

Abstract: AbstractMeasurements from the Aircraft Communications, Addressing, and Reporting System (ACARS) dataset between 2005 and 2014 are used to construct diurnal vertical cross sections of relative humidity in the lower troposphere ...

Abstract: Radiosonde measurements and Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) 3B42 rainfall are used to construct composite anomaly patterns of temperature, relative humidity, and divergence about high rainfall events in the ...

Abstract: Deep convective tropical systems are strongly convergent in the midtroposphere. Horizontal wind measurements from a variety of rawinsonde arrays in the equatorial Pacific and Caribbean are used to calculate the mean dynamical ...